Past Simple is used for actions that happed at a specific time in the past e.g. yesterday, (week) ago, last (week), in (2002) when I was (10) .... The action is finised and has't connection with present.
On the other hand Present Perfect (PP) is used for actions that happend in the past-(it is not important when) but important are the consequences.
I lost my keys last month. Past Simple
I have lost my keys. PP (I can't enter to my house)
We also use PP in spesific situations like:
1. When the action started in the past and is still continuing now (with for and since)
I have lived here since 2000.
I have lived here for 24 years.
2. When we want to talk about our experiences . I have been to Paris twice.
Have you ever been to Paris?
I have never been to Paris.
We talk about experiences that can change in the future (we can go to Paris in the future).
3. With spesific time expressions like:
Recently (ostatnio, niedawno)
Lately (ostatnio, w ostatnim czasie)
Just (właśnie, dopiero co)
Already (już)
Yet (jeszcze nie)
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