There are constant currents at the sea surface directed from west to east.
However, it could be found at the sea surface in winter.
The temperature of the sea surface is about 25C all year round.
During the summer, the sea surface is usually slightly warmer than the air.
At one point it reaches within 38 m of the sea surface.
Most islands are low and close to the sea surface.
At the sea surface, the difference of speed between air particles and water is zero.
The top of the reef is below 4.6m sea surface thus can be seen only in severe waves.
The sea surface is subject to waves caused by winds.
Finally, they proposed a railway tunnel running almost 800 feet below the sea surface.