impermeable bedrock

This is especially essential to understand in fault dominating and impermeable bedrock areas like Boscastle.

At the location of the Salt Plains, impermeable bedrock has forced the saline water to the surface.

DNAPLs tends to sink below the water table when spilled in significant quantities and only stop when they reach impermeable bedrock.

Physical characteristics included are impermeable bedrock, thin soil, lack of vegetation, very steep converging topography, many fluvial systems joining in a confined area, a temperate wet climate and land use.

The impermeable bedrock of the Chino Hills, which abut the southwest edge of the watershed, forced groundwater percolating southwards from the San Gabriels to rise to the surface, thus ensuring a stable year round flow even in years of drought.

Excess subglacial water that cannot drain through sediment or impermeable bedrock as groundwater, moves either through channels eroded into the bed of sediment below the glacier (called Nye channels) or through channels upward into the glacial ice (called Rothlisberger channels), eventually flowing out at the ice margin.