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Molecular weight distribution can be easily changed with the use of a chain transfer agent.
In the manufacture of polymers, it is used as a chain transfer agent.
In solution polymerization, the solvent can act as a chain transfer agent.
Chain transfer agents are sometimes called modifiers or regulators.
But the iodine-terminated poly(fluoroolefin) itself acts as a chain transfer agent.
Use of conventional hydrocarbon monomers with iodoperfluoroalkane chain transfer agents has been described.
Macromonomers were known as reversible chain transfer agents during this time, but had limited applications on controlled radical polymerization.
Transfer to chain transfer agent.
The method involves adding a catalytic chain transfer agent to the reaction mixture of the monomer and the radical initiator.
It has also been used as a chain transfer agent in the emulsion polymerization of propylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer.
RAFT polymerization today is mainly carried out by thiocarbonylthio chain transfer agents.
Chain transfer agents have at least one weak chemical bond, which therefore facilitates the chain transfer reaction.
Reaction vessels are typically charged with the two monomers, a free radical generator, and a chain transfer agent such as an alkyl mercaptan.
Other ingredients found in emulsion polymerization include chain transfer agents, buffering agents, and inert salts.
Common chain transfer agents include thiols, especially DDM, and halocarbons such as carbon tetrachloride.
Throughout the 1940s and 1950s, progress was made in the understanding of the chain transfer reaction and the behavior of chain transfer agents.
Typically, iodine transfer polymerization uses a mono- or diiodo-per fluoroalkane as the initial chain transfer agent.
PNIPA can be functionalized using chain transfer agents using a free radical polymerization.
The essential feature is that the product of chain transfer is also a chain transfer agent with similar activity to the precursor transfer agent.
In these processes, the chain transfer reaction produces a polymer chain with similar chain transfer activity to the original chain transfer agent.
Taking into account the chain transfer reaction towards solvent S, initiator I, polymer P, and added chain transfer agent T.
The first widespread use of chain transfer agents came during World War II in the US Rubber Reserve Company.
New fundamental chemistry is also found with chain transfer agents giving in one case very narrow molecular weight distribution and in another good yield of star polymers with four arms.
Other uses of TCE include solvents in speciality paints, coatings and adhesives and as chain transfer agents in PVC production.
The three schemes below demonstrate functionalization using chain transfer agents (CTA), where one end of the polymer is the radical initiator and the other is a functionalized group.