cambial

They bore under the bark in the cambial layer of their host plant.

Larvae are considered to be the most dangerous because they tunnel in the cambial region of wood.

Cambial growth, as well as shoot growth, has been shown to be reduced in some tree species.

They mine under the bark in the cambial cylinder of both new spring shoots and canes from the previous seasons growth.

Secondary thickening developing from a conventional cambial ring.

The white soft inner bark (cambial layer) was carefully separated from the hard, dark brown bark and dried.

They live in tunnels in the cambial area (bark-wood interface) of both the lower stem and roots of their host plant.

Propagating through cuttings is another form of vegetative propagation that initiates root or shoot production from secondary meristematic cambial cells.

Botryosphaeria corticola infects the twigs, branches and stems of oaks and degrades the cambial tissues.

Larvae first create a feeding gallery in the cambial region and later an apparently oval-shaped tunnel in the sapwood and heartwood.

This proteolytically processed bioactive region is important for both promoting and inhibiting cellular differentiation in both apical and cambial meristems.

It can slowly or quickly kill an oak tree when the tree reacts to the fungus by plugging its own cambial tissue while attempting to block the spread of the fungus.

When they put it to an expert they received the bewildering reply: 'Bird's eye figure is formed as a result of local suppressions in divisions of cambial tissue that cause indentation to develop.

The stem presents nodes unilacunar (with one trace), with internal phloem absent, secondary thickening developing from a conventional cambial ring, xylem with tracheids; The sieve-tube plastids are S-type.

They can cause damage by tearing the tree bark and eating the soft cambial tissue underneath: sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) L. and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) suffer the greatest damage.

Very slow cambial growth was first used to define cycads, and because of this characteristic the group could not compete with the rapidly growing, relatively short-lived angiosperms, which now number over 250,000 species, compared to the 947 remaining gymnosperms.

The latex, which contains 25-40% dry rubber, is in the bark, so the tapper must avoid cutting right through to the wood or the growing cambial layer will be damaged and the renewing bark will be badly deformed, making later tapping difficult.

Some morphological characters that were suggested to unite the anthophytes include vessels in wood, net-veined leaves (in Gnetum only), lignin chemistry, the layering of cells in the apical meristem, pollen and megaspore features (including thin megaspore wall), short cambial initials, and lignin syringal groups.

"The acid eats right through the bark and cambial zone to the wood zone, destroying the tree's defense system," said Eric T. Fleisher, the director of horticulture at the Battery Park City Parks Conservancy, which oversees the public park at the lower tip of Manhattan.