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They are a leading candidate to replace the aging alkaline fuel cell technology, which was used in the Space Shuttle.
For applications with liquid electrolytes, such as the zinc-air battery or the alkaline fuel cell, the dry mixture method is used.
Nickel foam or nickel mesh is used in gas diffusion electrodes for alkaline fuel cells.
The proposal combines alkaline fuel cells with underground coal gasification for upwards of 90% carbon capture as a by-product.
Another recent development is the solid-state alkaline fuel cell, utilizing alkali anion exchange membranes rather than a liquid.
The hydrogen is then used as an emissions-free fuel to run an alkaline fuel cell whilst the carbon dioxide is captured.
In September 2012, the company opened an alkaline fuel cell electrode pilot production plant in Dunsfold, Surrey.
Alkaline fuel cell (AFC)
Alkaline fuel cells played a key part in the success of the 1960s US Space Program that put a man on the Moon for the first time.
AFC Energy PLC is a developer of alkaline fuel cells focused on industrial application.
Metal hydride fuel cells are a subclass of alkaline fuel cells that are currently in the research and development phase.
It was established in 2009 to commercialize alkaline fuel cells developed by he fuel cell manufacturer AFC Energy.
NASA has used alkaline fuel cells since the mid-1960s, in Apollo-series missions and on the Space Shuttle.
Further variations on the alkaline fuel cell include the metal hydride fuel cell and the direct borohydride fuel cell.
The alkaline fuel cell (AFC), also known as the Bacon fuel cell after its British inventor, is one of the most developed fuel cell technologies.
In alkaline electrolytes, like zinc-air batteries and alkaline fuel cells, it is usual to use less expensive catalysts like carbon, manganese, silver, nickel foam or nickel mesh.
Hi-Gen Power (former name: B9 Coal) is a London-based developer of projects combining underground coal gasification with carbon capture and storage and alkaline fuel cells.
In comparison against alkaline fuel cell, alkali anion exchange membrane fuel cells also protect the electrode from solid carbonate precipitation, which can cause fuel (oxygen/hydrogen) transport problem during start-up.
This resolves the problem of poisoning and allows the development of alkaline fuel cells capable of running on safer hydrogen-rich carriers such as liquid urea solutions or metal amine complexes.
The alkaline fuel cell used by NASA in 1960s for Apollo and Space Shuttle program generated electricity at nearly 70% efficiency using aqueous solution of KOH as an electrolyte.
In August 2010, B9 Coal proposed usage of combined underground coal gasification and alkaline fuel cells technologies at the Rio Tinto Alcan Lynemouth power station in Northumberland.
Because of this, alkaline fuel cells typically operate on pure oxygen, or at least purified air and would incorporate a 'scrubber' into the design to clean out as much of the carbon dioxide as is possible.
Alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AAEMFC) also known as hydroxide ion exchange fuel cells are a type of alkaline fuel cells (AFCs).
PEM fuel cells were used in the NASA Gemini series of spacecraft, but they were replaced by Alkaline fuel cells in the Apollo program and in the Space shuttle.
Direct borohydride fuel cells (DBFCs) are a subcategory of alkaline fuel cells which are directly fed by sodium borohydride or potassium borohydride as a fuel and either air/oxygen or hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant.