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The fan consists of an infinite number of Mach waves, diverging from a sharp corner.
These weak waves can combine in supersonic flow to become a shock wave if sufficient Mach waves are present at any location.
Mach waves can be used in schlieren or shadowgraph observations to determine the local Mach number of the flow.
A Mach wave is the weak limit of an oblique shock wave (a normal shock is the other limit).
In fluid dynamics, a Mach wave is a pressure wave traveling with the speed of sound caused by a slight change of pressure added to a compressible flow.
On 21 November 1963, the squadron was renamed the Sunliners and a new insignia was approved consisting of a black background with the international orange "mach wave" design.
Thus it is possible to have shockless compression or expansion in a supersonic flow by having the production of Mach waves sufficiently spaced (cf. isentropic compression in supersonic flows).
The first insignia for VA-146 was approved by CNO on 23 November 1956, consisting of two concentric circles, a yellow mach wave symbol and a yellow globe showing North and South America.
Early observations by Ernst Mach used grooves in the wall of a duct to produce Mach waves in a duct, which were then photographed by the schlieren method, to obtain data about the flow in nozzles and ducts.
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