to są tzw.przyimki czasu - i trzeba je po prostu wykuć - tu masz taką ładną tabelkę http://www.sciaga.pl/slowniki-tematyczne/3329/przyimki-okreslajace-czas-prepositions-of-time/

A tu masz super to zobrazowane:

http://www.engames.eu/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Prepositions-time.png

A tu przystępnie opisane: http://www.angielski.edu.pl/przyimki/przyimki_-_czas_202.html

Bardzo ciekawe zestawienie:
GRAMMAR- AT, IN, ON [1]:
Talking about time
Use at
– with clock times :
at one o'clock
at 6.30
– with points of time in the day :
at midnight
at noon
at dawn
at sunset
– with holiday periods, meaning the few days around the holiday :
at Easter
at Diwali
– with weekend , in British English :
See you at the weekend!
At weekends we go out.
Use in
– with parts of the day :
in the morning
in the evening
I never watch TV in the daytime.
– with months, seasons, years, and centuries :
in May
in the summer
in 2004
in the 21st century
Use on
– with dates and specific days :
on 29th July
on Tuesday afternoons
on the last day of term
– with weekend , in American English :
We sometimes go there on weekends.
Talking about position and place
Use at
– with particular positions or places :
at the end of the corridor
at the back of the room
at the corner of the street
– to mean 'next to' or 'beside' :
She sat at her desk.
He stopped me at the door.
– with words for buildings, for example airport , university , restaurant , art gallery :
at the airport
at the Lyceum theatre
– with city or place names, when you are talking about stopping during a journey :
Does this train stop at Watford?
► BUT otherwise use in – see below
Use in
– with a position or place, when something or someone is inside a larger thing such as a room :
in the bath
in the kitchen
in the garden
in the doorway
– with cities, counties, states, and countries :
When will you arrive in Tokyo?
He lives in Germany.
She’s working in California.
– with the names of squares, plazas etc :
in Times Square
Use on
– with a position or place, when one thing is attached to or touching another :
a spot on the end of her nose
He hung his jacket on the back of a chair.
You can use either in or on with street names in British English.
In American English,
use on :
in Oxford Street
on the High Street
on 42nd Street
on Broadway

źródło:
1.Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 5th Edition